The Heart
The Circulatory System
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The heart
Do you know why the heart is so important?
In this video, you will learn that the heart, apart from pumping blood, also carries lots of other important things throughout the body. The heart is an organ made up mostly of muscle, and it plays a vital role in keeping you and your body healthy and strong. The human heart is one the most important organs of the body that is essential for survival. It is part of the circulatory system, which is the body system that carries blood and other substances to and from the heart. The other main parts of the circulatory system are blood vessels, which include veins, arteries, and capillaries. And the heart beats automatically because it's controlled by the autonomic nervous system. In 24 hours, your heart averages about 115,000 beats per day!
So how does the heart work exactly? Well, the heart consists of left and right ventricles at the bottom and left and right atriums at the top. Blood pushes through the atriums into the ventricles on each side of the heart through little "gates" every time the heart beats.
These gates basically help ensure the blood flows in the right direction. The blood travels through the different vessels throughout the rest of the body. You can think of blood vessels as little train tracks that carry blood to different parts of the body. The trip for a single drop of blood throughout the body takes only about a minute. Blood carries oxygen, food, minerals, and vitamins as well, and all these things help your body move, grow, and make repairs. In fact, they even help you think! The stuff in your blood that the body doesn't need gets set out as waste through the lungs, kidneys, and liver. To keep your heart healthy, there are a few things you can do. Exercising will help strengthen the muscles of your heart. Eating fruits and vegetables also helps keep your arteries clear. Drinking plenty of water is also essential because water makes up about 83% of the heart. If you don't have enough water, your heart can become less and less healthy. Finally, remember to move around. Moving around helps both your body and your mind.
8 chapters in this video
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The circulatory system
Did you know that the circulatory system in your body stretches for more than 60,000 miles?
In this video, you will learn that this is the most important system in our bodies. It is responsible for bringing blood, nutrients, and oxygen to all parts of the body, as well as for healing wounds. You can see why this is such an important process! There are two parts that make up the circulatory system: the heart and blood vessels. Blood vessels include arteries, veins, and capillaries. The heart has four chambers total—two ventricles and two atria. The left and right ventricles of the heart are located at the bottom. These chambers pump blood out of the heart. The left and right atria at the top of the heart receive blood into the heart. Every time your heart beats, these four chambers are doing their job!
The other part is the collection of blood vessels. Arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins carry blood to the heart, and capillaries connect arteries and veins. Because blood contains the nutrients and oxygen we need, our blood vessels are responsible for getting those important things to all parts of the body. As you now know, blood contains several important things. Besides nutrients and oxygen, blood also carries plasma, which is a yellowish liquid. This liquid is responsible for carrying proteins, nutrients, and hormones to the rest of the body. It is made of mostly water that comes from the food and water we consume. Plasma also carries away waste from the cells.
What Does the Heart Do?
The heart is a pump, usually beating about 60 to 100 times per minute. With each heartbeat, the heart sends blood throughout our bodies, carrying oxygen to every cell. After delivering the oxygen, the blood returns to the heart. The heart then sends the blood to the lungs to pick up more oxygen. This cycle repeats over and over again.
What Are the Parts of the Heart?
The heart has four chambers — two on top and two on bottom:
The two bottom chambers are the right ventricle and the left ventricle. These pump blood out of the heart. A wall called the interventricular septum is between the two ventricles.
The two top chambers are the right atrium and the left atrium. They receive the blood entering the heart. A wall called the interatrial septum is between the atria.
The atria are separated from the ventricles by the atrioventricular valves:
The tricuspid valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.
The mitral valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle.
Two valves also separate the ventricles from the large blood vessels that carry blood leaving the heart:
The pulmonic valve is between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, which carries blood to the lungs.
The aortic valve is between the left ventricle and the aorta, which carries blood to the body.
How Does the Heart Beat?
The heart gets messages from the body that tell it when to pump more or less blood depending on a person's needs. For example, when you're sleeping, it pumps just enough to provide for the lower amounts of oxygen needed by your body at rest. But when you're exercising, the heart pumps faster so that your muscles get more oxygen and can work harder.
How the heart beats is controlled by a system of electrical signals in the heart. The sinus (or sinoatrial) node is a small area of tissue in the wall of the right atrium. It sends out an electrical signal to start the contracting (pumping) of the heart muscle. This node is called the pacemaker of the heart because it sets the rate of the heartbeat and causes the rest of the heart to contract in its rhythm.
These electrical impulses make the atria contract first. Then the impulses travel down to the atrioventricular (or AV) node, which acts as a kind of relay station. From here, the electrical signal travels through the right and left ventricles, making them contract.
One complete heartbeat is made up of two phases:
The first phase is called systole (pronounced: SISS-tuh-lee). This is when the ventricles contract and pump blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery. During systole, the atrioventricular valves close, creating the first sound (the lub) of a heartbeat. When the atrioventricular valves close, it keeps the blood from going back up into the atria. During this time, the aortic and pulmonary valves are open to allow blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery. When the ventricles finish contracting, the aortic and pulmonary valves close to prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricles. These valves closing is what creates the second sound (the dub) of a heartbeat.
The second phase is called diastole (pronounced: die-AS-tuh-lee). This is when the atrioventricular valves open and the ventricles relax. This allows the ventricles to fill with blood from the atria, and get ready for the next heartbeat.
Healthy heart rate at rest
60-100
(beats per minute)
A healthy heart rate at rest is between 60 and 100 beats per minute.
A heart rate that is lower or higher than this range may be a sign of a heart condition.
Chart comparing
the heart rate of a healthy heart and a sick heart.
Sick heart rate at rest
<60 or >100
(beats per minute)
There are many different types of heart diseases, but they all share one thing in common: they damage the heart and make it difficult for it to pump blood effectively. This can lead to a number of symptoms, including chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and lightheadedness.
Tips to Maintain Heart and Circulatory Health
How Can I Help Keep My Heart
How Can I Help Keep My Heart Healthy?
To help keep your heart healthy:
Get plenty of exercise.
Eat a nutritious diet.
Reach and keep a healthy weight.
If you smoke, quit.
Go for regular medical checkups.
Tell the doctor about any family history of heart problems.
What strengthens circulatory system?
The Heart Associations and the Colleges of Sports Medicine both recommend combining:
Aerobic exercise (jogging, swimming, biking)
Resistance training (moderate weightlifting).
Together, these two categories of exercise produce the greatest benefit for preventing and managing heart disease.
Seven Ways to Make Your Heart Stronger
Eat a well-rounded, balanced diet.
Don't sit for too long.
Brush your teeth every day – and don't forget to floss.
Quit smoking and avoid second-hand smoke. ...
Snack smartly throughout the day.
Get plenty of sleep.
Recognize and reduce stress in your life.
What Does the Circulatory System Do?
The circulatory system is made up of blood vessels that carry blood away from and towards the heart. Arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins carry blood back to the heart.
The circulatory system carries oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells, and removes waste products, like carbon dioxide. These roadways travel in one direction only, to keep things going where they should.
What Are the Parts of the Circulatory System?
Two pathways come from the heart:
The pulmonary circulation is a short loop from the heart to the lungs and back again.The arteries carry deoxygenated blood collected by veins from the right ventricle to the lungs for re-oxygenation i.e. exchange of CO2 with O2 at the alveoli of the lungs.
The systemic circulation carries blood from the heart to all the other parts of the body and back again.The arteries supply oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to every tissue of the body for cellular respiration and nutrient circulation.
In pulmonary circulation:
The pulmonary artery is a big artery that comes from the heart. It splits into two main branches, and brings blood from the heart to the lungs. At the lungs, the blood picks up oxygen and drops off carbon dioxide. The blood then returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins.
In systemic circulation:
Next, blood that returns to the heart has picked up lots of oxygen from the lungs. So it can now go out to the body. The aorta is a big artery that leaves the heart carrying this oxygenated blood. Branches off of the aorta send blood to the muscles of the heart itself, as well as all other parts of the body. Like a tree, the branches gets smaller and smaller as they get farther from the aorta.
At each body part, a network of tiny blood vessels called capillaries connects the very small artery branches to very small veins. The capillaries have very thin walls, and through them, nutrients and oxygen are delivered to the cells. Waste products are brought into the capillaries.
Capillaries then lead into small veins. Small veins lead to larger and larger veins as the blood approaches the heart. Valves in the veins keep blood flowing in the correct direction. Two large veins that lead into the heart are the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava. (Superior=located above the heart and inferior=located below the heart.)
Once the blood is back in the heart, it needs to re-enter the pulmonary circulation and go back to the lungs to drop off the carbon dioxide and pick up more oxygen.
Arteries: Arteries are thick-walled vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.
Veins: Veins are thin-walled vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.
Capillaries: Capillaries are tiny vessels that connect arteries and veins. They allow oxygen and nutrients to pass from the blood into the body's tissues and waste products to pass from the body's tissues into the blood.
How does the circulatory system work?
The heart pumps oxygenated blood from the left ventricle through the arteries to the body's tissues. The oxygen is then used by the cells to produce energy. The deoxygenated blood from the body's tissues then returns to the heart through the veins. The deoxygenated blood then enters the right atrium and then moves to the right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps the deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries. The blood then picks up oxygen from the lungs and returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins. The oxygenated blood then enters the left atrium and then moves to the left ventricle. The cycle then repeats.
Functions of the circulatory system
The circulatory system has many important functions, including:
Delivering oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues
Removing waste products from the body's tissues
Regulating body temperature
Fighting infection
Transporting hormones throughout the body
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