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Fun With Magnets
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What is a magnet?
A magnet is any object that generates its own magnetic force, called a magnetic field. Despite being invisible, a magnet’s magnetic field is responsible for producing the force that attracts other objects.
Every magnet has a north pole and a south pole. A north and south pole will always pull toward each other, or attract to each other. If you try to take two magnets and face the north poles toward each other, they will repel. The same is true of the south poles.
The very center of the earth is made of two metals that cause a giant magnetic field! A magnetic field is the area surrounding a magnet.
Temporary magnets become magnetized when a magnetic field is present. But they lose their magnetism when that magnetic field goes away.
Permanent magnets, on the other hand, are made of materials like iron or nickel that are already magnetized and have their own magnetic field. In fact, the earth's core is made of iron and nickel, which is why it is magnetic.
Electromagnets are the last type. These magnets are created by running an electrical current through a coil with a metal core. The energized core creates a magnetic field. It stops working as soon as the electric current turns off. An MRI machine at a hospital is an example of an electromagnet. Other things with magnets in them include telephones, door bells, motors, and compasses.
More About magnet?
A magnet is a rock or a piece of metal that can pull certain types of metal toward itself. The force of magnets, called magnetism, is a basic force of nature, like electricity and gravity. Magnetism works over a distance. This means that a magnet does not have to be touching an object to pull it.
The ancient Greeks discovered that some rocks, known as lodestones, produced their own magnetic field. Today magnets are specially made.
Magnets come in many shapes and sizes and can be made from different types of material.
Magnetism in the Rocks
not all rocks can be magnets. Only a specific type of rock called a magnetic rock exhibits magnetic properties. Most rocks are not magnetic because they lack the necessary mineral composition.
Basalt
Gabbro
Granite
Magnetic rocks contain minerals rich in iron, like magnetite or lodestone, which give them the ability to attract other magnetic materials and align themselves with Earth's magnetic field. Examples of magnetic rocks include:
Basalt: A common volcanic rock
Gabbro: An intrusive igneous rock
Granite: An intrusive igneous rock (can contain some magnetic minerals)
Sandstone
Limestone
Shale
Non-magnetic rocks, which make up the vast majority of rock types, generally don't contain enough iron or the right iron minerals to be magnetic. Examples include:
Sandstone: A sedimentary rock formed from sand
Limestone: A sedimentary rock formed from calcium carbonate
Shale: A sedimentary rock formed from clay
However, even within non-magnetic rocks, there might be trace amounts of magnetic minerals that can weakly attract tiny pieces of iron. This wouldn't make the rock itself magnetic, but it could cause it to slightly deflect a compass needle under very specific circumstances.
In summary, only rocks containing sufficient iron in the form of magnetic minerals like magnetite can be true magnets. Most rocks lack these minerals and are therefore non-magnetic.
How do magnets work?
Magnets can attract other materials. Only metals are attracted to magnets but not all metals are. Every magnet ever made has two poles - a north and a south pole. Magnets produce lines of magnetic force which leave a magnet from its north pole and re-enters the magnet at the south pole.
When two magnets are placed together one magnet’s north pole will attract the other’s south pole. However, two north poles or two south poles will always repel each other.
Which materials are magnetic?
Some magnets are stronger than others. You can test two different types of magnets by seeing which one will hold more paperclips. Of course, not all materials are magnetic; use the activity sheet below and a bar magnet to identify which materials are magnetic and which ones aren't.
The earth’s magnetic poles are not aligned to the actual geographic north and south poles. Instead, the magnetic south pole is in Canada while the magnetic north pole lies in Antarctica. The magnetic poles are inclined by about 10 degrees to the earth’s rotational axis. So, all this time your compass was really pointing to Canada, not the true North!
Did you know that planet Earth is a big magnet?
Did you know the Earth actually produces its own magnetic field? This is because Earth’s core is mainly made up of iron, one of the best materials for making magnets. Part of the Earth’s core is continuously spinning really really fast, which creates a magnetic field and is the reason why the Earth has a North Pole and a South Pole. This is really helpful for explorers and adventurers as they can use a compass to find out which way is north and which way is south.
What is a compass?
A compass is a device that uses the Earth's magnetic field to point north. The needle of the compass is magnetized, and it aligns itself with the magnetic field of the Earth.
It is made of a tiny magnet in the shape of a needle which is allowed to spin. Because the north pole of a compass’ magnet will always point towards the Earth’s North Pole they are really important for helping people find their way.
How Magnets Work
How Magnets Work
Magnets work because of the magnetic field that they produce. The magnetic field is a region of space around a magnet where other magnets and magnetic materials are attracted or repelled. The magnetic field is strongest at the poles of the magnet and weakest in the middle.
The magnetic field is caused by the movement of electrons in the atoms of the magnet. Electrons have a property called "spin," which means that they rotate around their own axis. When electrons spin in the same direction, they create a magnetic field.
The direction of the magnetic field depends on the direction of the electron spin. If the electrons in a magnet all spin in the same direction, the magnet will have a north pole and a south pole. If the electrons spin in opposite directions, the magnet will be non-magnetic.
Magnets can be used to attract or repel other magnets and magnetic materials. They can also be used to create electric currents. Magnets are used in many different applications, including refrigerator magnets, compasses, motors, generators, and MRI machines.
Magnetic trains use magnets to move. They have two sets of magnets: one set to levitate the train off the track, and another set to propel the train forward. Magnetic trains are very fast and efficient. They can reach speeds of up to 300 miles per hour, and they use less energy than traditional trains. Magnetic trains are still under development, but they have the potential to revolutionize transportation.
The magnetic field of the superconductors is what allows the train to levitate. The train is attracted to the magnetic field of the track, but it cannot touch the track because of the electrical resistance of the air.
The magnetic field of the electromagnets is what propels the train forward. The electrical current in the electromagnets creates a force that pushes the train forward.
Magnetic trains are very quiet and smooth. They do not produce any emissions, so they are environmentally friendly.
MRI machines: MRI machines use strong magnets to create images of the body. The magnets in an MRI machine are very strong, and they can create a magnetic field that is up to 60,000 times stronger than the Earth's magnetic field. The magnetic field causes the protons in the body to align themselves, and this allows the MRI machine to create detailed images of the body.
Electric motors: Electric motors use magnets to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. The motor has a rotor that is made of a magnet, and when an electrical current is applied to the rotor, it rotates, which can be used to power a variety of devices, such as fans, drills, and washing machines.
Hard drives: Hard drives use magnets to store data. The hard drive has a disk that is made of a magnetic material, and when data is written to the disk, it is stored as a pattern of magnetic fields. The hard drive can then read the data back by reading the pattern of magnetic fields.
Speakers: Speakers use magnets to convert electrical signals into sound waves. The speaker cone is attached to a magnet, and when an electrical signal is applied to the magnet, it vibrates the cone, which produces sound waves.
Refrigerator magnets: Refrigerator magnets are used to hold notes, photos, and other small items on refrigerators. They are made of a type of magnet called a ferrite magnet, which is not very strong but is very durable.
Filtering: Magnets can be used to filter out impurities from liquids and gases. This is useful in a variety of industries, such as water treatment, food processing, and chemical manufacturing.
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